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Thyroid disease in cats?
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Thyroid disease in cats?
The cat’s thyroid levels are monitored after treatment. Until the late 1970s, few references pertaining to pathologic abnormalities of the feline thyroid gland existed. Or they might just not recognize their own name. About 70% of cats have both lobes of the thyroid gland affected. Left untreated, hyperthyroidism can result in heart failure and other complications, and can even lead to death. One or, more commonly, both glands can enlarge and overproduce thyroid hormone. Felimazole Coated Tablets (methimazole. Although treatable, it can make your cat feel pretty miserable Veterinarian-formulated herbal supplement supports normal thyroid function in cats with clinical hyperthyroidism, common in middle-aged and older felines. 3 A sole underlying cause for the development of benign thyroid. Mostly enlargement of thyroid glands result from a non-malignant tumor called an adenoma. Overeating – but occasionally a loss of appetite. I-131 therapy is an effective treatment for hyperthyroidism in cats. Hyperthyroidism is a common cat condition that generally affects older felines. Hyperthyroidism occurs most commonly in older cats and is rare in dogs. Approximately 15-22% of cats treated for hyperthyroidism will show kidney disease that was not evident prior to treatment. One of the treatment options for hyperthyroidism in cats is dietary management with a low-iodine diet which in turn helps to lower their overall thyroid hormone levels. An epidemic of thyroid disease among pet cats could be caused by toxic flame retardants that are widely found in household dust and some pet food, government scientists reported Wednesday The Research … Hyperthyroidism is a common endocrine disease in cats, with a reported prevalence of 87% in cats >10 years of age. The most common thyroid disease in cats is called hyperthyroidism, which occurs when the thyroid gland produces too much thyroid hormone, which causes a marked increase in the body. Symptoms can include an increase in appetite, weight loss and a poor coat. It affects around 10% of felines over 10 years old, with less than 6% of all cases occurring in cats under the age of 6. Nov 26, 2019 · Feline hyperthyroidism is a common endocrine disorder in older cats, caused by the overproduction of thyroid hormone. Natural thyroid treatment for cats is available for pet owners that would like to avoid administering traditional treatment. Although the thyroid gland enlarges in hyperthyroidism, it is usually a benign or non-malignant change. Our vet explains what common signs cats show when they have hyperthyroidism. There are several ways this disease. Thyroid problems in cats usually involve too much thyroxine, making many systems run too fast. Advertisement You might think your cat is special, but it's not as special as a cheetah. The good news is, this disease is highly manageable and can be controlled with proper veterinary care. Though functional benign enlargement (adenoma) is most common (98%), thyroid carcinoma (cancer) is another cause (2%). Feline hyperthyroidism is a disorder resulting from excessive thyroid hormone. Dealing With Cats That Bite and Scratch - Cats that bite and scratch can be a danger to you and your guests. Hyperthyroidism is a commonly encountered disease of domestic cats. Risk also can be considered greater in cats with concurrent CKD or diabetes mellitus. Radioiodine therapy is the least invasive, safest and most effective way to treat hyperthyroidism in cats. Learn about hyperthyroidism in cats, including causes, symptoms. Dogs and cats both suffer from dysfunction of this important gland. The disease occurs in middle-age to older cats without sex or breed predilection. You might find that you suffer from symptoms like fatigue, weight gain, hair loss, brain fog,. With thyroid hormone production out of whack, your cat experiences a range of symptoms and may develop related diseases. The disease occurs in middle-age to older cats without sex or breed predilection. Learn the best ways to restrain an injured cat in any mood. Here's what to look out for. Feline hyperthyroidism is a disorder resulting from excessive thyroid hormone. Diagnosing hyperthyroidism will require blood tests to measure the levels of thyroid hormones (T4) in your cats' blood. Feline hyperthyroidism is a disorder resulting from excessive thyroid hormone. Cat thyroid problems are very common. Dry Skin: In addition to coat issues, hypothyroidism can cause dry and flaky skin. Fortunately, there are many resources available to help you find adoptable cats i. Average survival after diagnosis is 1151 days. American Journey Minced Chicken Recipe in Gravy Grain-Free Canned Food. Treatment for hyperthyroidism in cats. Hyperthyroidism means that too much hormone is being produced by your cat's thyroid glands. Peterson explained that most cases of hypothyroidism in cats are iatrogenic in nature-after iodine-131 therapy, antithyroid drug therapy or thyroidectomy. 1 The disease is typically diagnosed based on elevated total thyroxine (T4) values and presence of typical clinical signs (ie, weight loss in conjunction with increased appetite, polyuria, polydipsia, vomiting, diarrhea, hyperactivity). Feline hyperthyroidism is a common disease in middle aged to older cats. Evaluation of a novel, sensitive thyroid-stimulating hormone assay as a diagnostic test for thyroid disease in cats Mark E. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of a commercial iodine‐restricted diet to control the manifestations of hyperthyroidism in cats as measured by changes in thyroid hormone concentrations and objective measures of clinical improvement, as well as to determine the risk of unmasking subclinical renal disease. Hyperthyroidism causes weight loss, increased appetite, restlessness and many other symptoms. Feline hyperthyroidism is an important concern as it's a relatively common disease in cats: around 10% of cats older than 10 years old are affected Cats' lengthening life spans may explain some of the increased incidence of the disease, and it's possible that high PBDE levels are a result of hyperthyroidism, rather than a cause; the. If you’re concerned about a thyroid problem and you can’t ge. And in around 2% of cases, the condition is caused by a malignant, cancerous tumor (an adenocarcinoma) in the same gland. Hyperthyroidism most commonly occurs in cats around the age of 13. That said, in very rare cases this condition can be caused by cancer, iodine deficiency or congenital disease (thyroid gland abnormalities). One of the first symptoms of thyroid disease is anxiety. I’m jealous of dog people. Thyroid disease is common in humans. The most common cause of hyperthyroidism is an adenoma, a benign (non-cancerous) tumour that develops on. Overdose occurs when someone takes more than the normal or recommended amount of this medicine Thyroid function tests are used to check whether your thyroid is working normally. ; There are several treatment options for hyperthyroidism in cats — These include diet changes, medication, iodine. Four major patterns of thyroid disease based on scintigraphic findings in the cats: 665 (31. 1,2 One or both thyroid glands may be affected or ectopic thyroid tissues become hyperplastic. Left untreated, cats develop high blood pressure, kidney disease and heart problems. What are some of the most common diseases we encounter in middle-aged and older cats? Just ask Lynda H. The thyroid glands normally work to maintain and regulate metabolism. Though functional benign enlargement (adenoma) is most common (98%), thyroid carcinoma (cancer) is another cause (2%). T3 (total T3 or triiodothyronine) test: T3 is the active thyroid hormone and accounts for 20% of all thyroid hormones. 6 cats from the same litter in households with other unrelated, unaffected cats. Hyperthyroidism tends to increase the blood flow to the kidneys, which gives the false impression that the kidneys are working properly (the blood results might show normal kidney values as. His T4 is extremely high and the. 2017 May, epub ahead of print. Thyroid medicine allergies in cats are due to an adverse reaction cats with hyperthyroidism have with the medication. The disease is common in cats and negatively affects almost all body organs. Although hyperthyroidism is a common occurrence in older cats, that may not be why your cat has started caterwauling at the top of her lungs. By effectively managing thyroid hormone levels, Felimazole can help reduce. By lowering the prevalence of iatrogenic hypothyroidism, this low‐dose algorithm also lowers the rate of azotemia that develops after 131 I treatment. Parathyroid tumors are uncommon in cats and dogs. jewelry booth setup ideas Thyroid levels are also affected by nutrition, disease states (particularly liver and kidney disease), medications, etc. 1–3 Since many non-thyroidal diseases can mimic the signs of thyroid disease in cats, a complete database (eg, complete blood count, serum chemistry profile. There are good odds that either someone you know or work with has low thyroid. Hyperthyroidism is the most common endocrinopathy of middle-aged-to-elderly cats, affecting up to 10% of North American cats. If left untreated, secondary problems can arise such as the heart enlargement, with an elevated heart rate. Cats with diabetes are more prone to infections, pancreatitis, liver problems, and other diseases, so they must be monitored very closely. Hyperthyroidism is a common disease in cats caused by the overproduction of thyroid hormone by the thyroid glands. Surgically removing the thyroid gland might cause hypothyroidism in your cat (lack of thyroid hormone), so surgery is normally recommended when there's only one affected thyroid gland. Advertisement It's easy to imagine tha. Kittens that lack this hormone will have related symptoms, such as mental dullness and smaller than normal proportions. Similarly, digestive tract problems may make it painful for a cat to defecate, increase the frequency or urgency, and decrease a cat's control over defecation. Typically affecting older cats, cat hyperthyroidism is the most common endocrine disease we see in the species. suvs for sale near me 7%) had unilateral disease, 1060 (50. The disease occurs in middle-age to older cats without sex or breed predilection. In most cases, however, treatment is essential to maintain a good quality of life Occasionally a second treatment is required and in a small number of cats, the thyroid level drops too low requiring. Rare cases require a second treatment. Also called thyrotoxicosis, hyperthyroidism is caused by an increase in production of thyroid hormones (known as T3 and T4) from an enlarged thyroid gland in a cat’s neck. In cats, the average age is 13 years, with a range of. I-131 therapy can cure a cat of hyperthyroidism. An overactive thyroid is generally seen in older cats as the average age at diagnosis is about 13. There are Hyperthyroidism is the most common hormonal disorder diagnosed in cats. Methimazole is a very common and valuable medication for use in treating cats with hyperthyroidism where the thyroid glands produce too much thyroid hormone (T4), leading to chronically debilitating effects on the body. This disease is common in older cats. Keep reading to learn more about this disease and why a visit to the vet could be life-saving for your cat. In cats, canine TSH chemiluminescent immunoassays (CLIA) assays are commonly used to measure TSH, but these TSH-CLIAs cannot measure low TSH concentrations (< 0. The criteria for inclusion in the study were a pre-mortem histopathological diagnosis of thyroid carcinoma, scintigraphic evaluation and sole treatment with high-dose radioiodine. Materials and methods: Client-owned hyperthyroid cats underwent low-dose radioiodine therapy and were followed-up for 12 months. In many cases, the enlargement of this gland is a result of a non-cancerous tumor that can develop in cats as they begin to get older. This disease is common in older cats. After all, hypothyroidism affects 5 out of every 100 people in the United States. Hypothyroidism, als. channel 11 weather toledo Hyperactivity and restlessness. A heterogeneous thyroid is a thyroid gland that is not uniform in structure and may indicate a thyroid disorder, explains Health and Nutrition Tipscom notes that the th. Hyperthyroidism (thyrotoxicosis) is a multisystemic disorder resulting from excessive circulating concentrations of the active thyroid hormones T 3 and T 4. Feline hyperthyroidism is a common disease that affects older cats, with the average age of diagnosis occurring around 13 years old. Hyperthyroidism is a relatively common disease of older cats (over 10 years of age). It develops in cases of untreated hyperthyroidism, or overactive thyroid (thyrotoxicosis) Thyroid hormones control the rate of many activities in your body. In cats, the most common reason for hypothyroidism is surgical removal or destruction (for example, by radioiodine or antithyroid drugs) of the thyroid gland as a treatment for hyperthyroidism. Hyperthyroidism results in many systemic alterations that are more commonly observed in cats than in dogs. Feline hyperthyroidism is a common disease in middle aged to older cats. Because many cats recovering from thyroid disease still have subclinical diabetes, with continued glucose intolerance and insulin resistance even after the HT4 is corrected, a diet low in carbohydrates (<10% ME ) is even more important. A dysfunctional thyroid may lead to a chemical imbalance in the brain, sometimes triggering an. Heredity. Prescription cat food for hyperthyroidism features deliberately low levels of iodine to help reduce the production of excess thyroid hormone. Feline Hyperthyroidism & I-131 I-131 therapy is an effective treatment for hyperthyroidism in cats. Hyperthyroidism most commonly occurs in cats around the age of 13. Thyroid issues plague many older cats, typically after the age of 10. Although the exact cause(s) for feline hyperthyroidism remains unclear, major characteristics of the underlying adenomatous thyroid disease are autonomous growth and hyperfunction independent of stimulation by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Conditions that can cause hyperthyroidism include: Graves' disease: This is a chronic autoimmune condition that causes an overactive thyroid. This is because the thyroid hormone level fluctuates throughout the day or it might be early in the course of the disease. The disease has been likened to multinodular goitre in humans.
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Prescription cat food for hyperthyroidism features deliberately low levels of iodine to help reduce the production of excess thyroid hormone. If it is not addressed, hyperthyroidism could lead to secondary health problems like hypertension, heart disease, kidney disease and blindness. A thyroid disorder in cats is a common disease. Mostly enlargement of thyroid glands result from a non-malignant tumor called an adenoma. Correction of the thyrotoxicity and systemic hypertension can improve cardiac disease in some cats. Relatively small size of the feline thyroid gland and variations in impedance may result in non-uniform and incomplete tumor destruction;. The cause of this condition in your older cat is usually a benign tumor of the thyroid gland. Hyperthyroidism symptoms you might spot. When hyperthyroidism is treated, and blood flow returns to normal, the true kidney function is uncovered. My cat is a 14 year old female and was diagnosed with hyperthyroidism a few months ago. I talked to three ca. gnostic Testing for Feline Thyroid Disease: Hypothyroidism. we the people holster with claw Jan 12, 2022 · Hyperthyroidism is the overproduction of thyroid hormone by the thyroid glands. Advertisement You might think your cat is special, but it's not as special as a cheetah. Skin & Coat Maintenance. It is an astonishingly common problem in cats: it's seen more than. T3 suppression test: For cats whose T3 and T4 results are within normal parameters, but the cat appears to be clinically. It can originate from one of two areas—the thyroid gland itself, which is in the neck of the cat, or from accessory thyroid tissue, which appears on the base of the heart. Hyperthyroidism typically occurs in cats older than 8 years, with a range of 4 to 20 years. This disease is common in older cats. Typically affecting older cats, cat hyperthyroidism is the most common endocrine disease we see in the species. This is usually due to a benign tumour of the gland. Learn about the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options for hyperthyroidism, a common thyroid disease in cats. Ragdolls are known for their striking. Hyperthyroidism is the overproduction of thyroid hormones in cats. Also called thyrotoxicosis, hyperthyroidism is caused by an increase in production of thyroid hormones (known as T3 and T4) from an enlarged thyroid gland in a cat’s neck. What is hyperthyroidism in cats? BluePearl vet specialists examine the diagnosis and treatments for this common cat disease. Are you looking for a safe and comfortable place to board your cat while you’re away? Finding the perfect cat boarding facility can be a challenge, but with a little research, you. 1 – 5 Hyperthyroidism is a multisystem disorder that results from excessive production of thyroid hormones by the thyroid gland; 1, 3, 5 thyroid growth and function become autonomous from hypothalamic and pituitary regulation. Iodine is a key element needed in the synthesis of thyroid hormones. In cats with advanced disease, signs include lethargy, dullness, hair loss, low body temperature, decreased appetite, and occasionally decreased heart rate. espn ppr auction values Functional thyroid adeno-matous hyperplasia (or adenoma) involving one or both thyroid lobes (Figure 2) is the most common pathologic abnormality asso-ciated with hyperthyroidism in cats Feline hyperthyroidism is a disease which can often go unnoticed. It is a multi-system disorder caused by an increase in the amount of thyroid hormones (called T3 and T4) produced by the thyroid gland. Also called thyrotoxicosis, hyperthyroidism is caused by an increase in production of thyroid hormones (known as T3 and T4) from an enlarged thyroid gland in a cat’s neck. Hyperthyroidism is a common disease in cats caused by the overproduction of thyroid hormone by the thyroid glands. Nov 26, 2019 · Feline hyperthyroidism is a common endocrine disorder in older cats, caused by the overproduction of thyroid hormone. Disease States in Dogs and Cats. Aging plays havoc with the body, and your cat is not immune to Father Time's effects. This leads to weight loss despite increased appetite, as well as other symptoms of hyperthyroidism Hyperthyroidism is the most common hormonal disease in cats, especially in older ones. The thyroid issues in cats may be hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. Hyperthyroidism is a common disease in cats, and mostly afflicts cats middle-aged and older. You can read our webpage detailing the full list of advantages, but in summary it's your best chance of a low-risk, permanent cure for your cat. The disease occurs in middle-age to older cats without sex or breed predilection. The thyroid glands do not produce T3. 17, 18 To date there are no known reports of cats exhibiting thyroid autoantibodies, as are. Rare cases require a second treatment. Hyperthyroidism most commonly occurs in cats around the age of 13. Hyperthyroidism is a common disease in cats, and mostly afflicts cats middle-aged and older. yinzer valley farms Therefore, proper management of vomiting in hyperthyroid cats includes identifying and addressing any underlying causes of the vomiting. A parathyroid tumor develops as a result of replication or growth of cells in the parathyroid gland. Typically affecting older cats, cat hyperthyroidism is the most common endocrine disease we see in the species. If your cat is suffering from hyperthyroidism, this is what you need to consider. In cats with advanced disease, signs include lethargy, dullness, hair loss, low body temperature, decreased appetite, and occasionally decreased heart rate. And in around 2% of cases, the condition is caused by a malignant, cancerous tumor (an adenocarcinoma) in the same gland. If left untreated, hyperthyroidism can cause an increased heart rate and changes to the wall of the heart; this can subsequently lead to heart failure. The symptoms of thyroid disease may also mimic menopause. It is an astonishingly common problem in cats: it's seen more than. 4% of cats over 9 years of age. Hyperthyroidism in cats is caused by a benign tumor of thyroid tissue that over produces the thyroid hormones T3 and thyroxine (T4). Other tests ( e T3 suppression, thyroid-stimulating hormone and thyrotropin-releasing hormone stimulation testing, scintigraphy) are available if the suspicion is high for hyperthyroidism in cats with appropriate clinical signs but normal thyroid hormone concentrations. Acupuncture can also be applied in cats with hypo or hyperthyroidism. A variety of other diseases can also cause or contribute to hypokalemia (such as hyperthyroidism), but are less common. Though functional benign enlargement (adenoma) is most common (98%), thyroid carcinoma (cancer) is another cause (2%). Hyperthyroidism symptoms you might spot.
The profiles of the hyperthyroid cats were divided based on once-a-day and twice-a-day dosing. And it's something you want to catch and treat early! What is hyperthyroidism in cats. For example, hyperthyroid cats may be prone to vomiting due to stress, dietary changes, or underlying medical conditions like inflammatory bowel disease or liver disease. In hyperthyroidism, an excess of thyroid hormone results in. Costs. If your cat's thyroid hormone levels are on the border between normal and high, your vet may order additional tests before offering a diagnosis of. Hyperthyroidism, (the term for an overactive thyroid gland, producing excessive amounts of thyroid hormone) is the most common endocrine (hormonal) disease of cats, usually affecting middle-aged to older cats. taco bueno 59 cent tacos Knowing the symptoms of cat illness can help you get your furry friend the c. Hyperthyroidism is characterized by the overproduction of thyroid hormone, resulting in an increase in metabolic rate. Hyperthyroidism is characterized by the overproduction of thyroid hormone, resulting in an increase in metabolic rate. Left untreated, hyperthyroidism can result in heart failure and other complications, and can even lead to death. High blood pressure is generally detrimental, but in the kidneys, it can compensate for them not filtering blood properly. wellsfargo como Contact your veterinarian immediately in such a situation. Keeping your cat's thyroid gland healthy and working optimally is critical to your cat's overall health. The thyroid issues in cats may be hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. Hyperthyroidism is a serious health problem for cats, usually as they get older. There are 2 thyroid glands located in the neck. Diagnosis. 24 hour harnett county lockup This is a common disease in middle aged and older cats. Active thyroid hormone (T3) sets the body’s metabolic rate like a volume dial. Although naturally occurring hypothyroidism is very rare in cats, iatrogenic hypothyroidism is a recognized complication of treatment for hyperthyroidism. One or, more commonly, both glands can enlarge and overproduce thyroid hormone. Hyperthyroidism is the overproduction of thyroid hormones in cats. The potential for false-negative and false-positive results exists with all thyroid. Increased appetite.
The disease is characterized by abnormal cell growth on one or both thyroid lobes. Symptoms are gradual and easily attributed to the normal aging process. Diagnosis involves physical examination and blood tests, and treatment options include medication, radioactive iodine therapy, or surgery. Keeping your cat's thyroid gland healthy and working optimally is critical to your cat's overall health. Hyperthyroidism is one of the most prevalent geriatric feline diseases, affecting 1 in 10 cats Abstract. 4,6,7 Adenomatous thyroid tissue transplanted from hyperthyroid cats into nude mice or placed into culture in a TSH-free media will continue to grow. Hyperthyroidism is the most common hormonal disorder diagnosed in cats. Feline hyperthyroidism. Hypothyroidism usually occurs in middle-aged, medium to large breed dogs (rarely in cats). 1, 2 Excess thyroid hormone has multisystemic repercussions shared by. Hyperthyroidism is caused by a growth in. Symptoms tend to develop slowly but hyperthyroidism is serious and can be fatal if left untreated. Cats have two thyroid glands located in their neck. Feline hyperthyroidism may be caused by an iodine deficiency. bdsm asia A characteristic facial expression. In most cases, hypothyroidism occurs in cats who have undergone surgery or iodine therapy to treat hyperthyroidism. Hyperthyroidism tends to increase the blood flow to the kidneys, which gives the false impression that the kidneys are working properly (the blood results might show normal kidney values as. This condition is typically seen in younger cats if congenital or in older cats as a secondary. However, treatment outcomes are positive. Cats have two thyroid glands in the neck that are vital in regulating the body's metabolic rate. Hyperthyroidism is a common feline endocrine disorder, most often diagnosed in older cats over age 10. 1, 3, 4 Depending on their size, thyroid cysts can be subclinical2 or cause signs of dysphagia, regurgitation, cough, and laryngeal paralysis by compression of surrounding structures. It is generally a disease of older cats with an average age around 9-10+ years, but can be seen in cats as young as 5 years of age. Hyperthyroidism is the most common endocrine (hormone) disease in cats. What Hyperthyroidism Looks Like. Feline hyperthyroidism is a clinical syndrome related to an excessive production of thyroid hormones, and it is considered as a spontaneous animal model for human thyrotoxicosis. The thyroid is an essential gland and produces a number of different hormones within the body. Since hypothyroidism has been associated with azotemia and decreased survival time in previously hyperthyroid cats, thyroid hormone replacement may be needed in some cats, especially those with concurrent kidney disease. In most cases, however, treatment is essential to maintain a good quality of life Occasionally a second treatment is required and in a small number of cats, the thyroid level drops too low requiring. It may also exhibit blood in its stools. Unlike thyroid dysfunction in dogs, it is manifested in cats as hyperthyroidism, which is usually the result of benign thyroid tissue proliferation. Although less common, an overactive thyroid can also cause high blood pressure which can cause damage to the eyes, kidneys, heart and brain. bakini nip slip It can occur in any breed of cats at any age, but is more often seen in middle-aged and older felines. Nonetheless, it's the most common gland issue for cats. A dysfunctional thyroid may lead to a chemical imbalance in the brain, sometimes triggering an. Heredity. Data regarding the epidemiology of the thyroid diseases in companion animals are sparse. One or, more commonly, both glands can enlarge and overproduce thyroid hormone. Thyroid disease - or hyperthyroidism -- occurs in cats when excess thyroxin ( a chemical in the thyroid gland) speeds up a cat's metabolism. Though functional benign enlargement (adenoma) is most common (98%), thyroid carcinoma (cancer) is another cause (2%). Follow-up of all cats treated for hyperthyroidism is important as a significant amount will develop CKD 1. Hyperthyroidism, or overactive. This is at least until the cat's behavioral problems become. One of the treatment options for hyperthyroidism in cats is dietary management with a low-iodine diet which in turn helps to lower their overall thyroid hormone levels. It can originate from one of two areas—the thyroid gland itself, which is in the neck of the cat, or from accessory thyroid tissue, which appears on the base of the heart. 9 cats per year were found to have gross evidence of thyroid enlargement (caused by adenomatous hyperplasia. However, treatment outcomes are positive. A variety of other diseases can also cause or contribute to hypokalemia (such as hyperthyroidism), but are less common. We don't know exactly what causes hyperthyroidism in cats. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of a commercial iodine‐restricted diet to control the manifestations of hyperthyroidism in cats as measured by changes in thyroid hormone concentrations and objective measures of clinical improvement, as well as to determine the risk of unmasking subclinical renal disease. The normal feline thyroid gland is thin, fusiform-shaped, and approximately 15-25 mm in length, with uniform echogenicity and surrounded by a thin,. It is necessary not only to consider the best method of treatment but the effects that thyroid disease can have on other organ systems.